Updated June 2026.
The Tornjak is one of the most popular dog breeds. In this guide we cover its origin, temperament, care and the conditions it is most prone to, to help you look after its health.
Origin and history of the Tornjak
A livestock guardian dog from the mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, where it has protected flocks for centuries; the oldest written reference dates from the 11th century. The breed almost died out and was «recreated» from the remaining working dogs. Square-bodied and agile, in calm it seems indifferent, but faced with a threat it is a vigilant, confident guardian.
Physical characteristics
| Country of origin | Bosnia and Herzegovina / Croatia |
|---|---|
| Height | 60 – 70 cm |
| Weight | 28 – 45 kg |
| Coat | Double coat, long and abundant, with mane and breeches |
| Role | Livestock guardian dog |
| Lifespan | 11 to 14 years |
Temperament and behaviour
The Tornjak is calm, brave, obedient and dignified. Like any dog, it needs early socialisation, clear routines and positive, reward-based training to develop a balanced character. Giving it time, exercise and attention strengthens the bond with the family.
Common health problems of the Tornjak
Protecting your Tornjak’s health is essential. These are some of the conditions the breed is most prone to:
- Hip and elbow dysplasia
- Gastric torsion (bloat)
- Joint problems
- Obesity
- Eye problems
Indicative list of breed predispositions, to be validated by Petplan’s veterinary team. It is not a diagnosis.
Care and feeding
The Tornjak needs a balanced canine diet suited to its size and age, with weight control and fresh water always available. Look after its dental hygiene, brushing according to its coat, nails and ears, and keep up with vaccinations and deworming. Regular veterinary check-ups are key to catching any problem early.
Exercise and stimulation
The Tornjak needs daily walks and exercise to match its energy, plus mental stimulation through games, obedience or interactive toys. A dog that moves and «thinks» every day is a more balanced dog: the right exercise prevents boredom, stress and excess weight.
Why Petplan is the best choice for your Tornjak
With Petplan health insurance you freely choose your vet and face accidents, illnesses and emergencies without cost making the decision for you. Get a free, no-obligation quote for your dog and protect it throughout its life.
Frequently asked questions about the Tornjak
How long does a Tornjak live?
The life expectancy of the Tornjak is 11 to 14 years, especially with good care, a proper diet and veterinary follow-up.
What health problems are most common in the Tornjak?
Its most common predispositions include: hip and elbow dysplasia, gastric torsion (bloat), joint problems, obesity, eye problems. Discuss them with your vet.
How much does Tornjak insurance cost?
It depends on age and area. You can get a free, no-obligation quote for your dog with Petplan.
What does Petplan insurance cover for a Tornjak?
Accidents and illnesses, including diagnostic tests, surgery, hospitalisation and veterinary emergencies, with free choice of vet across Spain.
Learn more about Petplan pet insurance.
