Updated June 2026.
The Xoloitzcuintle is one of the most popular dog breeds. In this guide we cover its origin, temperament, care and the conditions it is most prone to, to help you look after its health.
Origin and history of the Xoloitzcuintle
Its lineage traces back more than 3,500 years among the indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America, including the Maya and Aztec. Its name comes from Xolotl, an Aztec god, and «itzcuintli» (dog). It was believed to have a sacred role guiding souls. It exists in hairless and coated varieties and in three sizes.
Physical characteristics
| Country of origin | Mexico |
|---|---|
| Height | 25 – 60 cm (toy, mini and standard) |
| Weight | 4 – 25 kg |
| Coat | Hairless (or a short-coated variety) |
| Role | Companion and watch dog |
| Lifespan | 13 to 18 years |
Temperament and behaviour
The Xoloitzcuintle is calm, loyal, intelligent and protective. Like any dog, it needs early socialisation, clear routines and positive, reward-based training to develop a balanced character. Giving it time, exercise and attention strengthens the bond with the family.
Common health problems of the Xoloitzcuintle
Protecting your Xoloitzcuintle’s health is essential. These are some of the conditions the breed is most prone to:
- Skin problems (dryness, sunburn)
- Missing teeth (genetic trait)
- Patellar luxation
- Eye problems
- Cold sensitivity
Indicative list of breed predispositions, to be validated by Petplan’s veterinary team. It is not a diagnosis.
Care and feeding
The Xoloitzcuintle needs a balanced canine diet suited to its size and age, with weight control and fresh water always available. Look after its dental hygiene, brushing according to its coat, nails and ears, and keep up with vaccinations and deworming. Regular veterinary check-ups are key to catching any problem early.
Exercise and stimulation
The Xoloitzcuintle needs daily walks and exercise to match its energy, plus mental stimulation through games, obedience or interactive toys. A dog that moves and «thinks» every day is a more balanced dog: the right exercise prevents boredom, stress and excess weight.
Why Petplan is the best choice for your Xoloitzcuintle
With Petplan health insurance you freely choose your vet and face accidents, illnesses and emergencies without cost making the decision for you. Get a free, no-obligation quote for your dog and protect it throughout its life.
Frequently asked questions about the Xoloitzcuintle
How long does a Xoloitzcuintle live?
The life expectancy of the Xoloitzcuintle is 13 to 18 years, especially with good care, a proper diet and veterinary follow-up.
What health problems are most common in the Xoloitzcuintle?
Its most common predispositions include: skin problems (dryness, sunburn), missing teeth (genetic trait), patellar luxation, eye problems, cold sensitivity. Discuss them with your vet.
How much does Xoloitzcuintle insurance cost?
It depends on age and area. You can get a free, no-obligation quote for your dog with Petplan.
What does Petplan insurance cover for a Xoloitzcuintle?
Accidents and illnesses, including diagnostic tests, surgery, hospitalisation and veterinary emergencies, with free choice of vet across Spain.
Learn more about Petplan pet insurance.
